Abstractions & Encapsulation
Use stable façades and information hiding to manage complexity, evolve safely, and enforce boundaries
Use stable façades and information hiding to manage complexity, evolve safely, and enforce boundaries
Design highly available systems with redundancy, failover, and graceful degradation.
Overview of latency, throughput, concurrency, reliability, time, idempotency, and CAP/PACELC trade‑offs in distributed systems.
Reduce network and system overhead by batching operations intelligently.
Automate compilation, testing, and security scanning to catch issues before production.
Isolate failures and prevent cascading outages using proven reliability patterns.
Check every access request and break secure, not open
The core building blocks of systems: components, the connectors between them, and the configurations that shape runtime behavior.
Practical distinctions, decision flows, and patterns to combine concurrency, parallelism, and synchronization safely.
Scale data storage horizontally by distributing data across multiple databases and replicas.
Isolate and handle messages that fail repeatedly, preventing system-wide failures and data loss.
Services that call each other synchronously in sequence, creating tight coupling and monolith behavior.
Prepare for disasters with recovery planning, backups, and restore procedures.
Automatically adjust capacity based on demand while maintaining performance.
Quantify acceptable unreliability; measure and eliminate manual toil.
Design robust error handling strategies that fail gracefully and guide users to recovery.
Detect and report errors immediately to prevent silent failures, data corruption, and cascading problems.
Understand the eight false assumptions that undermine distributed systems and learn to design systems that don't depend on them.
Tests that pass sometimes, fail other times due to timing, randomness, or shared state.
Ground yourself in core architecture, systems thinking, paradigms, and data basics to make sound design decisions.
Maintain partial functionality and shed load during overload instead of failing completely.
Degrade features rather than fail completely; use kill switches to disable features during incidents.
Implement defensive patterns that gracefully handle failures and slowdowns in distributed systems.
Optimize critical code paths through strategic caching and computation reuse.
Master idempotent operations to enable safe retries and deliver reliable message processing without duplicates or missing data.
Protect systems through rigorous input validation and defensive programming practices.
Define crisp boundaries and explicit, testable contracts to decouple teams and evolve systems safely.
Clear definitions, interactions, and practical tuning to hit latency SLOs without sacrificing throughput.
Collect and analyze logs with structure and correlation IDs to understand system behavior.
Measure system behavior with metrics using RED and USE methods to identify performance issues.
Ensure reliable event publishing and delivery with outbox, inbox, and CDC patterns.
Define and enforce performance targets that align with user experience and business goals.
Master the ISO/IEC 25010 model and implement performance, reliability, maintainability, testability, usability, and cost-efficiency.
Decouple producers and consumers using queues to smooth out demand spikes.
Build resilient systems through redundancy and automatic failover.
Master patterns that transform inevitable failures into graceful degradation. Timeouts, circuit breakers, bulkheads, and more.
Proactively test system behavior under failure by deliberately injecting failures to improve resilience and MTTR.
Define and track reliability targets using service-level objectives.
Coordinate distributed transactions across services using choreography and orchestration patterns.
Understand scaling strategies and their trade-offs in distributed systems.
Push events to external systems reliably with webhooks